
Robust Crazy Ant
Nylanderia bourbonica
Species Info General
Other common names include: Black Crazy Ant
The Robust Crazy Ant is one of four widespread ants in Hawaiʻi that share the common name adjective “crazy”, the others being Yellow Crazy Ant, Longhorn Crazy Ant and Brown Crazy Ant. Seeing this unofficial term in an ant’s common name suggests one can safely infer that this ant tends to move around in a speedy, erratic manner. This ant tends to be very dark: almost or entirely black. It can be found from sea level up to at least 4000 feet elevation. It’s not aggressive towards people but is not above defending itself if it gets on you as you lounge at the beach: it doesn’t sting, but it will give a little nip if it starts to get squished in your clothing. It can be found just about anywhere, but seems to prefer the more humid environment of Maui’s north shore to our dryer, leeward areas. At beaches it often seems to be especially common just above the high-tide mark. As to their abundance and ecology, Huddleston & Fluker (1968) wrote: “Abundant to common in many different habitats. Nesting under rocks, in dead limbs and stalks, etc. Predaceous, also attending homopterous insects. Often observed feeding at extra-foliar nectaries of many plants.”
In discussing this ant’s habits in Florida, Deyrup (2017) wrote, “In Florida, bourbonica usually lives in wet, disturbed sites, including well-watered landscaped areas. It is listed as one of the top eight “urban pest ants” in peninsular Florida by Klotz et al. (1995), but often its chief crime seems to be that of traipsing about on the patio, where it seems to be a regular but not strikingly abundant visitor.”


Identification/Description
This not-particularly large, fast-moving ant ranges from brownish-black to nearly or entirely black. It occasionally is seen in large numbers moving about the ground or sidewalk or dunes in an erratic, seemingly aimless manner. To the naked eye it is difficult to distinguish this ant from a number of other small- to medium-sized blackish ants, including Brown Crazy Ant, Longhorn Crazy Ant, Copper-bellied Ant and our several species of White-footed Ants, all of which act “crazy” some or all of the time.


Impacts
- “Although this tramp ant is very widespread, it is not known to be a serious pest. Nylanderia bourbonica is best described as a nuisance or ‘picnic pest’ in outdoor eating areas” (Williams & Lucky 2020)
History
- Robust Crazy Ants have been here in the Islands since early on, and were one of the seven species included in the first itemization of ants here, published in 1879 by Frederick Smith. By 1900 it was known from Hawaiʻi, Molokaʻi and Oʻahu. By the 1930s it could be found on Maui and Kauaʻi as well, and then by the 1960s it was also found on Lānaʻi.
Resources/References
- Nylanderia bourbonica – AntWiki
- Deyrup, M. 2017. Ants of Florida – Identification and Natural History. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. 423 pp.
- Huddleston, E. W. & Fluker, S. S. 1968. Distribution of Ant Species of Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 20(1): 45–69.
- Smith, F. 1879. Descriptions of new Species of Aculeate Hymenoptera collected by the Rev. Thos. Blackburn in the Sandwich Islands. The Journal of the Linnean Society (Zoology) 14: 674–685.
- Williams, J. L. & Lucky, A. 2020. Non-native and Invasive Nylanderia Crazy Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the World: Integrating Genomics to Enhance Taxonomic Preparedness. Annals of the Entomological Society of America113(4): 318–336.
